Resources

Special Need Exception to Reasonable Suspicion

In past articles involving Terry Stops we have discussed the need for “Reasonable Suspicion” and the requirement that the officers have a “particularized suspicion” with respect to the defendant. So how, then, are we able to address a situation where officers hear and receive complaints of shots fired in an area and respond to find several people walking away. Officers may not have a […]

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Adequacy of Miranda Warnings

From time-to-time we have discussed issues surrounding 5th Amendment protections available to suspects who are (1) in custody and (2) being asked questions reasonably believed to result in an inculpatory response. Of course, these are the two factors required for Miranda cautions to apply. I am sure all of you have policies and procedures related to this important activity and probably have one or

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Vehicle Inventory Search

In the past we have discussed motor vehicle inventory searches and the ability of officers to conduct inventory searches to protect the valuables of the vehicle owner and to protect the agency and officers from later claims of theft. But are officers able to go back and conduct a second search of the car under the community caretaker function when the actions of the

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Excessive Force by Tight Handcuffs

In past articles we have discussed the proper use of handcuffs and the importance of checking cuffs for tightness and double locking the cuffs to avoid tightening. Some of you may recall the 2004 case out of San Diego where the surgeon was awarded a multi-million- dollar verdict by a jury, based in part, on a finding that officers applied the handcuffs too tightly

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Seizure, Search of Mobile Phone Post High-Speed Chase

The subject of today’s article – vehicle inventory searches – is a subject area we have covered before. However, the question we look at in this case, United States vs. Garay[1], is whether the cell phone seized during the inventory should be suppressed because it was not properly listed on the inventory form. More importantly, we actually have a 9th Circuit Court of Appeals

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Undocumented Alien’s 4th Amendment Protections during ICE Detention

Certainly, there is a great deal of discussion among law enforcement, the media, and the public concerning ICE operations at large employment centers. Do undocumented workers have 4th Amendment protections in these situations and, if so, can evidence of alienage be suppressed if improperly secured by officers or ICE agents at the scene? Let’s take a look at the facts in the Cruz[1] case

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