Fourth Amendment

Consent to Search Granted and then Taken Away

The recent case from the Seventh Circuit, United States v. Jones, raises important questions about Fourth Amendment rights and consent to search. The case involved an arrest warrant that led to a consensual search, ultimately revealing a hidden firearm. The issue at hand is whether a person who initially grants consent to a search retains the right to withdraw that consent during the search.

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Naked Fugitives and Protective Sweeps

Today’s case from the Eighth Circuit involves officers locating two naked fugitives and conducting a protective sweep. ATF was later called in when a firearm was found during the initial search. Two cases to note to better understand our case today. First, in United States v. Cedano-Medina, the standard was set that a “warrantless  search  is  valid  if  conducted  [based on] knowing and voluntary

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Objectively Reasonable Facts and Hidden Agendas – United States v. Miles

Today’s case, United States v. Miles, is another traffic violation coming to us from the First Circuit. The trooper in today’s case has an excellent memory, and as a result he was able track down our suspect who was in possession of illegal drugs. The Court uses Whren v. United States, in their argument. In Whren, SCOTUS held that the reasonableness of a traffic

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The Force Must Match the Circumstance

As we have discussed in previous training sessions, protests at City Council meetings and town halls are becoming more frequent. Today’s case, Williamson v. City of National City, took place in a City Council meeting. When evaluating a Fourth Amendment claim of excessive force, the court will ask whether an officer’s actions were objectively reasonable considering the facts and circumstances surrounding the incident. While

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CyberTip From Facebook Employee

Today’s case, United States v. Meals, 21 F.4th 903 (5th Cir. 2021), actually makes Facebook look like the good guys for a change. Before we jump into the facts of the case, let’s review our major legal component today, the private search doctrine. According to United States v. Jacobsen, under the private search doctrine, when a private actor finds evidence of criminal conduct after searching someone

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One of These Things is Not Like the Other: Parolee Rights & Warrantless Searches

Today’s legal update comes to us from the Seventh Circuit and addresses the question of parolee rights. Many parolee agreements state that if a parolee violates his or her release agreement, officers have a right to search their belongings. This case also addresses several important court cases regarding cell phones, search warrants and parolee rights. The first case used in the court’s argument by

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It’s All in the Hips: A Suspect’s Suspicious Movements Lead to A Reasonable Frisk

Before we get into our case, let’s review the Supreme Court’s two objective tests for identifying a Fourth Amendment search. These two tests include whether police: (1) “physically intrud[es] on a constitutionally protected area” (under United States v. Jones); or (2) violate a person’s “reasonable expectation of privacy” (under Katz v. United States). These are different from a seizure, which is legally defined as

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Traffic Stop Turned Drug Bust – Fourth Circuit

In United States v. Davis, 997 F.3d 191 (4th Cir. 2021) the 4th Circuit examines a routine traffic stop that turns into a chase. That chase eventually ends with several illegal possessions getting scooped up and a Fourth Amendment appeal about how the evidence was obtained. The 4th Circuit cites multiple SCOTUS cases in their argument, including Chimel v. California, New York v. Belton and Arizona v. Gant.   In Chimel v. California, SCOTUS held that

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SCOTUS: Lange v. California

On June 23, 2021, the United States Supreme Court (SCOTUS), in Lange v. Californiai examined whether pursuit of a fleeing misdemeanor suspect always qualifies as an exigent circumstance. SCOTUS unanimously held that it does not. Facts The defendant, Arthur Lange, was convicted of driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol. One night in 2016, Lange was on his way home when he drove past a California highway patrol officer while playing loud music with his windows down and

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