Search & Seizure

Special Need Exception to Reasonable Suspicion

In past articles involving Terry Stops we have discussed the need for “Reasonable Suspicion” and the requirement that the officers have a “particularized suspicion” with respect to the defendant. So how, then, are we able to address a situation where officers hear and receive complaints of shots fired in an area and respond to find several people walking away. Officers may not have a […]

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Vehicle Inventory Search

In the past we have discussed motor vehicle inventory searches and the ability of officers to conduct inventory searches to protect the valuables of the vehicle owner and to protect the agency and officers from later claims of theft. But are officers able to go back and conduct a second search of the car under the community caretaker function when the actions of the

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Seizure, Search of Mobile Phone Post High-Speed Chase

The subject of today’s article – vehicle inventory searches – is a subject area we have covered before. However, the question we look at in this case, United States vs. Garay[1], is whether the cell phone seized during the inventory should be suppressed because it was not properly listed on the inventory form. More importantly, we actually have a 9th Circuit Court of Appeals

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To Stop or Not to Stop: Recent Trends in Terry Stops and Pat-Downs

Terry stops (also known as investigatory stops) have been a useful tool for law enforcement since 1968, when the United States Supreme Court decided the case of Terry v. Ohio. [1] When used properly, Terry stops can discourage criminal activity, identify suspects and add intelligence information to the files of known criminals. The general principles established in Terry v. Ohio have not changed; Terry

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Courts Limit Cell Phone Searches Incident to Arrest

Attorney Ken Wallentine Four years ago, in Arizona v. Gant, 556 U.S. 332 (2009), the Supreme Court took a sharp turn in the law of search incident to arrest.  The Court stepped back toward the two justifications for the search incident to arrest exception to the Fourth Amendment warrant requirement—preservation of evidence and officer safety—first definitively articulated in Chimel v. California, 395 U.S. 752

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